<p>Dividends are a portion of a company's profits distributed to its shareholders. They are typically expressed as a dollar amount per share and can be paid out in cash, additional shares, or other property. Dividends are a key aspect of fundamental analysis, as they provide insights into a company's financial health and profitability.</p>

<h2>How It Works</h2>
<p>Companies determine the amount of dividend to pay based on their earnings, cash flow, and other financial metrics. The dividend payout ratio, which is the percentage of earnings paid out as dividends, is a common measure used to evaluate a company's dividend policy. The decision to pay dividends also depends on the company's growth prospects and the preferences of its management and shareholders.</p>

<h2>Why It Matters</h2>
<p>Dividends matter to investors for several reasons. Firstly, they provide a source of income, making them an attractive option for investors seeking regular returns. Secondly, dividend payments can signal a company's financial health and stability. A consistent or growing dividend can indicate that a company is generating steady earnings and has a strong balance sheet. Lastly, dividends can also play a role in the pricing of a company's stock. High dividend yields can make a stock more attractive to income-oriented investors, potentially driving up its price.</p>