<p>Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. It is a key tool used by governments to manage economic conditions, promote growth, and maintain stability.</p>

<h2>How It Works</h2>
<p>Fiscal policy operates through two main channels: government spending and taxation. When the government spends more than it collects in taxes, it creates a budget deficit, which can stimulate economic growth. Conversely, when the government collects more in taxes than it spends, it creates a budget surplus, which can help control inflation and stabilize the economy. Governments can also use targeted spending, such as infrastructure projects or tax incentives, to encourage specific economic activities.</p>

<h2>Why It Matters</h2>
<p>Fiscal policy plays a crucial role in managing the business cycle. During economic downturns, expansionary fiscal policy, which involves increased government spending and lower taxes, can boost aggregate demand and help stimulate recovery. Conversely, during economic booms, contractionary fiscal policy, which involves reduced government spending and higher taxes, can help control inflation and prevent overheating. Additionally, fiscal policy can help address long-term challenges, such as investing in public goods like education and infrastructure, or addressing income inequality through progressive taxation.</p>